Tuberculosis prevention
Every year, from February 24 to March 24, a Tuberculosis Prevention Month is held, timed to coincide with March 24, World Tuberculosis Day. The month dedicated to the fight against tuberculosis is held under the motto: "Yes! We can defeat tuberculosis: commit, invest, act." The main objective of the Month is to inform the population about measures for personal and public prevention of tuberculosis, about the first signs of tuberculosis, about the dangers and severe consequences of tuberculosis infection, and fostering joint responsibility for health.; awareness of the need for mandatory preventive examinations. Tuberculosis is a dangerous infection that can claim many more human lives than any other infectious disease. According to WHO, one third of the world's population is currently infected with tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis (the ancient name "consumption") is a chronic infectious disease with a predominant localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs. Along with the pulmonary forms of the disease, extrapulmonary forms may also develop, since the pathogen is capable of affecting all human organs.
The causative agent of tuberculosis (mycobacteria) has significant resistance to low and high temperatures and high humidity. In natural conditions, in the absence of sunlight, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can remain viable for several months: in street dust - for 10 days, on the pages of books they can remain alive for three months, in water - up to 150 days, in soil they persist for up to 6 months, in raw milk — up to 2 weeks, in butter and cheese — up to 1 year. The main source of tuberculosis infection remains a sick person. When coughing, tuberculosis bacilli with droplets of sputum settle on objects and enter the soil. When inhaling polluted air with dust particles, tuberculosis pathogens enter the lungs of a healthy person. Infection is also possible through contact with household items used by the patient. One patient can infect from 10 to 15 healthy people in contact with him during the year. Infection can also occur when eating raw milk and dairy products from cows with tuberculosis, or when buying these products "by hand" from random sellers. The main symptoms of tuberculosis are rapid fatigue and general weakness, decreased or lack of appetite, weight loss, excessive sweating, shortness of breath with little physical exertion, an increase in body temperature to 37.2-37.8 ° C, prolonged, untreatable cough or coughing with sputum (possibly with blood). Categories of people who are more susceptible to tuberculosis infection than others: children, the elderly,
patients with diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases,
people who take steroids, drugs that weaken the immune system, HIV-infected people, people living in unfavorable conditions (crowded apartment, lack of hygiene standards in the house), suffering from alcohol and drug addiction, people suffering from malnutrition, tobacco users.
Smoking, alcohol abuse, unhealthy diet, stress, non-observance of personal hygiene rules all these factors increase the risk of contracting tuberculosis.
It is possible to protect the body from tuberculosis with the help of a set of measures for the prevention and early detection of the disease.:
- the main method of prevention is vaccination of children, carried out using BCG vaccines, in accordance with the calendar of preventive vaccinations;
- conducting a Mantoux test for children at risk allows us to identify the initial and local forms of tuberculosis in children and adolescents, as well as the risk of primary infection.;
- the main early method of detecting tuberculosis among the adult population is a fluorographic examination;
- observance of the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle (exclusion of alcohol, drugs, tobacco products);
- balanced nutrition, body hardening, physical activity and sports activities increase the body's defenses, enhance immunity and body resistance in contact with the causative agent of tuberculosis.
Be healthy! Take care of yourself and your loved ones!
The head of the USEC of the Beimbet district, Mailina Yarushko N.A.

Source : https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/kostanai-bmalin-audany-akimat/press/news/details/960406?lang=kk